The peptide meta, ranked by receipts — not hype.

> Approved

Phase 3 RCTs (LEAD, SCALE, LEADER); FDA-approved in 2010 for type 2 diabetes (Victoza) and in 2014 for weight management (Saxenda).

• FDA ✓ 2010
• WADA — not listed

> Approved

FDA-approved injectable drug (Pitocin and generics) used in obstetrics. Intranasal use for social or psychiatric effects is investigational.

• FDA ✓
• WADA — not listed

> Approved

Two phase 3 RCTs (RECONNECT) led to FDA approval as Vyleesi in 2019 for hypoactive sexual desire disorder in premenopausal women.

• FDA ✓ 2019
• WADA — not listed

> Approved

Multiple phase 3 RCTs (SUSTAIN, STEP, SELECT); FDA-approved in 2017 (Ozempic), later as Wegovy and Rybelsus, and authorised by the EMA.

• FDA ✓ 2017
• WADA — not listed

> Approved

Previously FDA-approved (Geref) for diagnosis and treatment of GH deficiency in children; withdrawn from the market in 2008 for commercial reasons.

• FDA · disc.
• WADA ✗ S2

> Approved

FDA granted accelerated approval in September 2025 (Forzinity) to improve muscle strength in Barth syndrome. Continued approval depends on a confirmatory randomized trial.

• FDA ✓ 2025
• WADA — not listed

> Approved

FDA-approved (Egrifta) to reduce excess abdominal fat in HIV-associated lipodystrophy, based on phase 3 RCTs.

• FDA ✓ 2010
• WADA ✗ S2

> Approved

Phase 3 RCT programmes (SURPASS, SURMOUNT); FDA-approved in 2022 for type 2 diabetes (Mounjaro) and in 2023 for weight management (Zepbound).

• FDA ✓ 2022
• WADA — not listed

> Controlled human trials

Randomized, placebo-controlled trials were run in healthy volunteers and boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy; the DMD study was halted over safety signals.

• FDA ✗
• WADA ✗ S4

> Controlled human trials

Six randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled human trials for obesity were run in the 2000s (pooled safety report, Stier et al. 2013); the program did not lead to approval.

• FDA ✗
• WADA ✗ S2

> Controlled human trials

Small randomized, placebo-controlled phase 2 trials have been published (sarcoidosis-associated small-fiber neuropathy, type 2 diabetes); not approved.

• FDA ✗
• WADA ✗ S2

> Controlled human trials

Multiple RCTs in stroke and dementia (e.g. CARS trial, Stroke 2016; vascular dementia trial, 2011); nationally authorised in several countries but never FDA-approved or centrally EMA-authorised.

• FDA ✗
• WADA — not listed

> Controlled human trials

Randomized, placebo-controlled dose studies in healthy adults were published (2006); development was discontinued and it is not approved.

• FDA ✗
• WADA ✗ S2

> Controlled human trials

Small double-blind, placebo-controlled trials in chronic insomnia (e.g. Bes et al. 1992, n=16) found weak or no meaningful benefit; registered as a medicine in Russia but not FDA/EMA-approved.

• FDA ✗
• WADA — not listed

> Controlled human trials

Randomized controlled trials exist, e.g. a 6-month RCT of oral glutathione that raised the body’s glutathione stores (Richie 2015). Not an FDA-approved drug.

• FDA ✗
• WADA — not listed

> Controlled human trials

Randomized, placebo-controlled phase 2 trials in postoperative ileus were completed (no benefit shown); not approved.

• FDA ✗
• WADA ✗ S2

> Controlled human trials

A small randomized, single-blind, placebo-controlled study in healthy men (2026) plus several controlled physiology studies showing it raises LH. Not approved for any use.

• FDA ✗
• WADA ✗ S2 (males)

> Controlled human trials

Randomized placebo-controlled trials of topical LL-37 for venous leg ulcers (2014 phase 1/2; 2021 multicentre phase 2b) and diabetic foot ulcers (2023). Not approved anywhere.

• FDA ✗
• WADA ✗ S0

> Controlled human trials

Small double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trials in men with erectile dysfunction (1998, 2000) and phase 1 tanning studies. Never approved anywhere.

• FDA ✗
• WADA ✗ S0

> Controlled human trials

A randomized placebo-controlled trial of intravenous NAD+ in 180 patients with ischemic heart failure (2025), plus small pilot and pharmacokinetic studies. Most other trials test precursors (NR, NMN), which are different compounds.

• FDA ✗
• WADA — not listed
• Not a peptide

> Controlled human trials

Phase 2 RCTs (NEJM 2023, Lancet 2023) and phase 3 RCTs (TRIUMPH-1, NEJM 2026; TRIUMPH-2/-3/-4); not approved by any regulator as of November 2026.

• FDA ✗
• WADA ✗ S0

> Controlled human trials

One small randomized trial (62 patients with anxiety disorders, selank vs medazepam, 2008; indexed in PubMed as an RCT), otherwise small Russian clinical studies; registered in Russia but not FDA/EMA-approved.

• FDA ✗
• WADA — not listed

> Controlled human trials

Many randomized trials, including the phase 3 TESTS trial in sepsis (BMJ 2025, no mortality benefit shown) and earlier RCTs in chronic hepatitis B. It is approved outside the US and EU but not by the FDA or EMA.

• FDA ✗
• WADA — not listed

> Controlled human trials

Randomized, placebo-controlled phase 2/3 trials have been run in humans (RGN-259 eye drops for dry eye and neurotrophic keratopathy; RGN-137 for chronic wounds); not approved.

• FDA ✗
• WADA ✗ S2

> Controlled human trials

Randomized placebo-controlled trials of aviptadil exist (erectile dysfunction with phentolamine, 1999; COVID-19 respiratory failure, TESICO 2023); nationally authorised in some European countries but not FDA- or centrally EMA-approved.

• FDA ✗
• WADA — not listed

> Small human studies

Human data are limited to small biomarker studies and an older controlled study in retinitis pigmentosa, almost all from one research group; no randomized trial exists. Most evidence is cell and animal work.

• FDA ✗
• WADA ✗ S0

> Small human studies

Human data consist of small topical cosmetic/skin studies; most mechanistic evidence is in vitro and animal.

• FDA ✗
• WADA ✗ S0

> Small human studies

Human data are mainly small pharmacological and diagnostic studies; approved only in Japan as a GH-deficiency diagnostic.

• FDA ✗
• WADA ✗ S2

> Small human studies

Human data are limited to small pharmacological studies of GH release; no approved use.

• FDA ✗
• WADA ✗ S2

> Small human studies

Human data are limited to small pharmacological studies; no approved use.

• FDA ✗
• WADA ✗ S2

> Small human studies

Human data are limited to small uncontrolled Russian studies (e.g. 32 adults aged 41–83, Adv Gerontol 2015); the rest is in vitro and rodent work, largely from the developer’s group.

• FDA ✗
• WADA ✗ S0

> Small human studies

Human data are small open-label or non-randomized Russian clinical studies (e.g. ischemic stroke, Gusev et al. 2018); it is a registered medicine in Russia but not FDA/EMA-approved.

• FDA ✗
• WADA — not listed

> Animal data

Evidence is from diet-induced obese mouse studies (Neelakantan et al., Biochem Pharmacol 2018); no published human studies.

• FDA ✗
• WADA ✗ S0
• Not a peptide

> Animal data

Evidence is predominantly from rodent studies; human data are limited to a small retrospective pilot report, and a registered phase 1 trial posted no results.

• FDA ✗
• WADA ✗ S0

> Animal data

Published data are mostly preclinical; no completed human trials of this compound were found.

• FDA ✗
• WADA ✗ S2

> Animal data

Published evidence is limited to rat and cell studies, mostly from Russian bioregulator research groups. No human clinical trials were found.

• FDA ✗
• WADA ✗ S0

> Animal data

Evidence is limited to rodent studies (e.g. McCoy et al., JPET 2013); no published human studies.

• FDA ✗
• WADA ✗ S0

> Animal data

Evidence for the protein is from animal studies; the only human data are small open-label gene-therapy trials (AAV-delivered follistatin), not the protein itself.

• FDA ✗
• WADA ✗ S4

> Animal data

Evidence comes from cell and animal (mostly rodent) studies. Human data only link circulating levels to age and disease; no interventional human trials have been published.

• FDA ✗
• WADA ✗ S0

> Animal data

Used mainly as a cell-culture reagent and in animal studies; no human trials.

• FDA ✗
• WADA ✗ S2

> Animal data

Only cell and animal (mainly colitis model) studies are published; no completed human trials.

• FDA ✗
• WADA ✗ S0

> Animal data

Published data are mostly preclinical; no completed human trials of this compound were found.

• FDA ✗
• WADA ✗ S2

> Animal data

Interventional evidence is from rodent studies (e.g. Lee et al., Cell Metab 2015); human data are observational measurements of circulating levels, with no published human trial of MOTS-c itself.

• FDA ✗
• WADA ✗ S4

> Animal data

Evidence is limited to mouse and rat studies from the developing laboratory (e.g. Li et al., FEBS Lett 2010); no published human studies.

• FDA ✗
• WADA ✗ S0

> Animal data

Only cell and animal studies are published; no human trials.

• FDA ✗
• WADA ✗ S2

> Animal data

Evidence is limited to rodent studies (Mazella et al., PLoS Biol 2010, and follow-ups); no published human studies.

• FDA ✗
• WADA ✗ S0

> Animal data

No human trials of TB-500 itself; supporting data come from animal studies and from research on full-length thymosin β4.

• FDA ✗
• WADA ✗ S2

> Combo · not ranked

A PubMed search found no published studies of this combination; only reviews mention it. CJC-1295 (with DAC) and ipamorelin each have small human pharmacology studies.

• FDA ✗
• WADA ✗ S2

> Combo · not ranked

A PubMed search found no published studies of this combination; only reviews mention it. Ipamorelin has small human pharmacology studies; published human data on CJC-1295 without DAC (modified GRF 1-29) are scarce.

• FDA ✗
• WADA ✗ S2

> Combo · not ranked

A PubMed search found no published studies of this combination; only reviews mention it. DSIP has small human sleep studies, including a double-blind trial in chronic insomnia; Selank has Russian clinical studies.

• FDA ✗
• WADA — not listed

> Combo · not ranked

A PubMed search found no published studies of this combination; only reviews mention it. Epitalon has only small human studies; GHK-Cu is mostly lab and skin research; the GH secretagogue is not specified.

• FDA ✗
• WADA ✗ S0, S2

> Combo · not ranked

A PubMed search found no published studies of this combination; only reviews mention it. GHK-Cu is supported mostly by lab and topical-skin studies; glutathione has RCTs as a supplement.

• FDA ✗
• WADA ✗ S0

> Combo · not ranked

A PubMed search found no published studies of this combination; only reviews mention it. Semax and Selank each have clinical studies from Russia, where both are approved.

• FDA ✗
• WADA — not listed

> Combo · not ranked

A PubMed search found no published studies of this combination; only reviews mention it. Sermorelin was once FDA-approved (Geref, since discontinued); ipamorelin has small human pharmacology studies.

• FDA ✗
• WADA ✗ S2

> Combo · not ranked

A PubMed search found no published studies of this combination; only reviews mention it. Tesamorelin alone is FDA-approved (Egrifta) on the strength of phase 3 RCTs; ipamorelin has small human pharmacology studies.

• FDA ✗
• WADA ✗ S2

> Combo · not ranked

A PubMed search found no published studies of this combination; only reviews mention it. BPC-157 and TB-500 (a thymosin β4 fragment) are each supported mainly by animal studies.

• FDA ✗
• WADA ✗ S0, S2